Back to the 8 bit
A Study of Electronic Music Counter-culture
Alex Yabsley (Dot.AY)
February 3rd, 2007
LAST PAGE (Final Discussion and Implications)
![References
Introduction
Topic Overview
Chiptunes
Historical Overview
Musical/Cultural Analysis
Circuit Bending
Historical Overview
Musical/Cultural Analysis
Validity and Accessibility
Final Discussion and Implications
References
References
8bit Masters NY (2005). Data destruction tour at the tank [video]. 8bit collective. Retrieved August 2, 2006, from http://8bitcollective.com/music/data_destruction_Tank.mov
8bit Peoples (n.d). 8bit peoples discography. Retrieved August 1, 2006, from http://www.8bitpeoples.com/discography_gfx.php
Allen, J. (2006). Gamewave podcast, episodes 3-11 [Podcast]. Retrieved September 14, 2006 from http://www.gamewavepodcast.com
Apple (2006). iTunes music store. Retrieved September 10, 2006 from http://www.apple.com/itunes/store/
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Becker, H.S & Geer, B. (1960). Participant observation the analysis of quantitative field data. In R.N. Adams and J.J. Preiss (Eds.) Human organization research: Field relations and techniques (pp. 267-289). Homewood, US: Dorsey Press.
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Beige Records (n.d). The 8bit construction set. Retrieved September 6, 2006, from www.beigerecords.com/artists/8bitcs.html
Burke, C. (2006). This spartan life, episode 3 [Video Podcast]. Retrieved August 28, 2006, from http://thisspartanlife.com/episodes.shtml
Cementimental (2005). Cement live solo [Video]. Retrieved May 2, 2006, from http://www.archive.org/download/cementsolo22-5-05/cementsolo22-5-05.MP4
Collins, N. (2006). Handmade electronic music: the art of hardware hacking. New York, US: Routlede.
Cool Hunting (2006). 8Bit series, episodes 1-5, [Video Podcast]. Retrieved July 12, 2006, from http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/8bit/
Flat Four Radio (2004). Chiptune series, episodes 1-4 [Podcast]. Retrieved July 15, 2006, from http://www.mcld.co.uk/flatfour/chiptunes/
Garcia, L. (2004). BENT: circuit bending 2004 [Video]. Retrieved September 1, 2006, from http://www.onthespot.info/vid/bent.html
Gard, S. (2004). Nasty noises: error as a compositional element. The University of Sydney Library E-Scholarship Repository. Retrieved July 30, 2006, from http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/894?mode=full&submit_simple=Show+full+item+record
Ghazala, R. (2005). Circuit bending: build your own alien instruments. Indianapolis, US: Wiley Publishing.
Jakobsson, E. (2005). What is chiptune? Chiptune forum. Retrieved September 11, 2006, from http://chiptune.fr/forum/viewtopic.php?id=36
Kitz, D. (2004). Imagination and exploitation: some history of digital technology in my music-making. Malted Media. Retrieved August 3, 2006, from http://www.maltedmedia.com/books/papers/su-imagi.html
Lange, B.R. (2001). Hypermedia and ethnomusicology. Ethnomusicology, 45(1), pp.132-149.
Lysloff, R. (2004). Musical life in softcity: an internet ethnography. In R. Lysloff and L. Gay (Eds.) Music and technoculture (pp.23-64). Middleton, US: Wesleyan University Press.
Merriam, A.P. (1964). The anthropology of music. Illinois, US: Northwestern University Press.
McClaren, M. (2003). 8-bit punk. Wired magazine, 11 (11). Retrieved August 1, 2006, from http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.11/mclaren.html?pg=1&topic=&topic_set=
McDonald, G (n.d). A brief timeline of videogame music. Gamespot. Retrieved September 1, 2006, from http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/vg_music/index.html
Mirapaul, M. (2004). Circuit benders unlock the long riffs in short-circuits. New York times. Retrieved September 13, 2006, from http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/08/technology/circuits/08bend.html?ex=1158811200&en=1d9757d7f32f1c8e&ei=5070
Nanoloop (n.d). Nanoloop: real-time sound editor for gameboy. Retrieved August 3, 2006 from http://www.nanoloop.de/
Null, C. (2005). Musical geeks mine 8-bit sound. Wired Magazine. Retrieved September 14, 2006, from http://www.wired.com/news/culture/digiwood/0,69173-0.html
VORC (n.d) Internet chiptune encyclopaedia. Retrieved September 13, 2006, from http://www.vorc.org/en/info=FrontPage
Wayfar (n.d). Midi-nes. Retrieved August 11, 2006, from http://www.wayfar.net/0xf00000_overview.php
Wikipedia (2006a). Chiptunes. Retrieved July 1, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiptune
Wikipedia (2006b). Video game music. Retrieved September 12, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_music
Nanoloop is a music sequencer made for the Gameboy by Oliver Wittchow a member of the Chiptune community; it is unofficially produced using old cartridges and is not endorsed by Nintendo. (Nanoloop, n.d)
For further and future discussion on the definition of Chiptunes see Jakobsson (2005).
For example, 8-bit Betty, 8-bit Construction Set, 8-bit Weapon and 8-bit.
Creative commons is a large Internet idea that promotes sharing of knowledge and fighting against corporate domination of the Internet. It also is interested in protecting intellectual property.
-Alex Yabsley of Dot.AY
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